الأثر السياسي والعسكري للمكاتبات والمراسلات في الأندلس من الفتح حتى نهاية عصر الطوائف (92-483هـ/711-1091م)

الباحث

سندس علي حمادي الحديدي

المشرف

نهلة شهاب احمد

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

دكتوراه

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

المكاتبات والمراسلات; الأندلس; عصر الطوائف; التاريخ الإسلامي

Correspondence and communication in Andalusia constitute a great deal of importance which the researcher addressed in this study in an attempt to review the most important texts that represent aspects of correspondence and communication in Andalusia . The topic of The political and military Impact of Correspondence in Andalusia From The Conquest Until The End of The Taifa era (92- 483AH / 711-1091 AD) is one of the important subjects that deserves of research and study in Islamic history in general and the history of Andalusia in particular, especially since this topic has not been written about previously in an academic study (master's thesis or doctoral dissertation), as the researcher tried to stand at these texts and review them historically according to antiquity and from the year of the event and upwards until the end of the fifth century AH/eleventh century AD. This study aims to shed light on the most important correspondence and communication in Andalusia during five eras in the history of Andalusia, starting with the period of conquest, then the era of governors, then correspondence and correspondence on the era of the emirate, followed by the era of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia, then the period of the Amiri Hijab, and finally the era of the Taifa states, and to show the most important effects resulting from this correspondence and communication. The importance of this study emerges in the researcher's attempt to stand on models of this correspondence and communication during the five eras (mentioned above) that Andalusia went through, in order to deduce the most important points that this correspondence and correspondence focused on and to show its historical value. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, and a conclusion, in addition to four chapters, as well as a group of appendices, B tables, and images. The preface included a definition of correspondence and communication in language and terminology, and the nature of correspondence and communication during the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (later Andalusia), in addition to the conditions for choosing a writer and the language of writing in Andalusia, in addition to the vacation of writers and their salaries and other jobs that writers held in Andalusia, in addition to the role of Andalusian women in the profession of writing, and last but not least, the reasons that led to the advancement of writing in Andalusia. The first chapter included correspondence and communication on the era of the conquest and governors for the period from (92-138 AH / 711-756 AD) through two topics that included several paragraphs for each topic focused. The paragraphs of the first topic focused on discussing the contributions of Tariq bin Ziyad and the commander Musa bin Nusayr in the conquest of Andalusia during the reign of the Gothic kings. As for the correspondence of the second topic, it was devoted to discussing the communication of the Caliphate during the reign of the governors, and included correspondence from the Caliph to the leaders of the Andalusian army. As for the second chapter, it included correspondence and communication on the era of the emirate in Andalusia in six topics. In the first topic, we discussed correspondence and communication during the reign of Prince Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil. The second topic included correspondence and communication during the reign of Prince al-Hakam bin Hisham. As for the third topic, it included correspondence during the reign of Prince Abd al-Rahman bin al-Hakam, while the fourth topic came about correspondence and communication during the reign of Prince Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman, and the fifth topic: correspondence and communication during the reign of Prince al- Mundhir bin Muhammad. The sixth section included correspondence during the reign of Prince Abdullah bin Muhammad. In the third chapter, we discussed correspondence during the Umayyad Caliphate era in Andalusia from the year (316-421 AH / 929-1030 AD), which included two sections. The first section focused on correspondence during the reign of Caliph Al-Nasir li-Din Allah (Abd al-Rahman III) and his son Al-Hakam Al-Mustansir from the year (316-366 AH / 929-976 AD). The second section included correspondence during the reign of the Amiri chamberlains, represented by the chamberlain Al-Mansur and his son Abd al-Malik Al-Muzaffar from the year (366-421 AH / 976-1030 AD). The fourth chapter focused on the nature of correspondence during the era of the Taifa states from the year (421-483 AH / 1030-1091 AD). The chapter included four sections, the first of which was correspondence between the kings of the Taifa states. The second section included correspondence between the kings of the Taifa states and the King of Castile, Alfonso VI, while the third section included correspondence between the kings of the Taifa states and the Emir of the Almoravids, Yusuf bin Tashfin, while the fourth section included correspondence between Emir Yusuf bin Tashfin and the King of Castile, Alfonso VI. The conclusion included the results reached by the study. The study relied on the analytical approach based on analyzing the contents of the texts of correspondence and communication in the researcher's attempt to identify the most important effects resulting from them, which the researcher extracted from the content of this correspondence, which was based on reading, scrutiny, and then analysis in order to identify the most prominent contents contained in this correspondence and communication; The researcher must note, starting with, that the evidence of this correspondence has multiple forms in the opening titles of this correspondence, as it appeared in the form (book, letter, sermon, answer, will) from what was mentioned in the primary sources, and the existence of two forms mentioned in modern references, which are (statement, and publication), each of which has its meaning and implications. D The study reached a number of results, perhaps the most important of which is that the use of correspondence and communication has been widespread for a long time in Andalusia, even before the time period of this study The political and military Impact of Correspondence in Andalusia From The Conquest Until The End of The Taifa era (92-483 AH / 711-1091 AD). As the concept of correspondence and communication has emerged greatly in its diversity and linguistic richness, and the general and common meaning of correspondence is everything that a person writes in his own handwriting. As for correspondence, it is everything that comes through narrating the news and transferring it from one place to another orally on the tongue of the messenger sent by the caliph or prince, and the word message also came to what the writer creates on any topic, and thus letters included the answer and the letter. In addition, it was not known in Andalusia during the first period, whether during the era of the conquest until the end of the era of the governors, who took on the profession of writing in Andalusia, and it was not written by the pens of the writers working in the Bureau of Correspondence, but rather it was written by the hands of the leaders of the conquest and princes, because the Muslims were busy during that period with completing the conquest process, in addition to One of the most important reasons for the development and prosperity of writing in Andalusia was linked to the strength and prosperity of the country, which was derived from the strength of its princes and caliphs later, especially during the Umayyad Caliphate. Finally, some of the great families in Andalusia enjoyed a great status with the princes and caliphs of Andalusia, as members of this family took on the profession of writing, which became hereditary in their families, including the Al-Zajjali family and the Banu Abda family.

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