آراء المفسرين بين التأصيل والتكوين في القرن السابع الهجري دراسة نقدية

الباحث

هدى علاء حسين داود العذاري

المشرف

أ.م.د. قاسم كتاب عطا الله العيساوي

الجامعة

جامعة الكوفة

الكلية / القسم

الفقه / علوم القرآن والحديث

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2022

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

آراء المفسرين;التأصيل;القرن السابع الهجري;النقد التفسيري

Interpreting the Qur’anic text is one of the necessities that Muslims have taken care of for what is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an like the encouragement to understand it and reflect on its meanings, as it came in the Almighty’s saying: “Do they not reflect upon the Qur’an, or are their locks upon hearts” [Muhammad: 24], And the result of what the Qur’an included in terms of concise and detailed, perspicuous and intricate, abrogating and abrogated, unrestricted and restricted word, general and particular... that the views of the commentators differed and their directions varied in the significance of the Qur’anic text, according to the interpreter’s culture, environment, inclinations and ability in general. Based on the foregoing, the interpreter was between two approaches: the first is to rely on previous opinions, and to adopt or give preference to one of them, whether this opinion was for the Messenger or for the imams, or for the Companions, or for a previous interpreter. As for the second approach, it is to come up with a new opinion for the interpreter who builds it based on his explanatory components and his knowledge repertoire, so our research came to shed light on the interpretive opinions and to indicate their position from the original and formation, which is a research related to the emergence and progress of the interpretive thought, and the extent of the development of its product, and the extent to which the interpreters contributed to creativity without imitation. and dependency. It was entitled ((Explanatory opinions between rooting and formation in the seventh century AH, a critical study)). We restricted it to the seventh century AH to have an appropriate period of time to compare his exegetical views with the previous ones, and to know the knowledge accumulation of the commentators of this century, as well as the richness of this century’s interpretation. Because it includes among the commentators who have an impact and influence in the explanatory arena, but the most important interpreters of this century are Al- Razi (606 AH), Al-Qurtubi (671 AH), and Al-Baydawi (682 AH); Therefore, our study was limited to these three commentators and not others; Because of their significant explanatory effort, as well as their different interpretational tendencies. The importance of the research lies in knowing the rooting and formation in the explanatory opinions that appeared in the seventh century AH, and the findings of the explanatory thought and the statement of its weak from its correctness, and the response to the weak and abnormal ones according to the established rules. His problem was that many interpreters relied in interpreting the Qur’anic text, on the previous interpretative opinions contained in the books of heritage in general, and the books of interpretation in particular. Their job was limited to giving preference to one of the opinions or adopting another according to their interpretive premises. Attributed to its authors, and without reference to its original source, the reader thinks that it is from the thought of this interpreter and his invention and formation. Therefore, the research shed light on it by monitoring some opinions to be an application of the study, and searching for it in the books of the previous commentators to show what of it was rooting or formation, then it becomes clear the percentage of their composition of new interpretive opinions. As well as our selection of the differing opinions in them, and the response to their owners who exaggerated them and strayed from the most appropriate opinion, in the light of the principles and interpretative rules prepared for the Holy Qur’an and with the argument and proof. In order to obtain the desired benefit from preparing this research, the research plan required dividing it into an introduction and three chapters preceded by an introduction, followed by a conclusion and a list of sources and references. The first chapter marked with interpretative opinions in the sciences of the Qur’an, included three sections in each of the reasons for revelation, in the perspicuous and intricate, in the abrogating and abrogated. The second chapter, entitled Exegetical Opinions in the Arabic Language, has three sections on grammar, morphology and rhetoric, and the third chapter is entitled Exegetical Opinions in the Creed, and this chapter included three sections on the doctrines of monotheism and justice, the two doctrines of prophecy and imamate, and the two doctrines of justice and al-badaa, and we explained the rooting and formation in them through applications. The researcher summarized the results of the study on this important topic, as she reached a set of results, which are: 1 - The research on rooting and formation in interpretive opinions did not appear in the schools of interpretation as an independent subject, and this study came to shed light on it. 2 - The omission of the term rooting and formation in the works of the exegetes’ curricula, and the rules of interpretation in the works of the ancients and the moderns. 3 - The study revealed the percentage of rooting and formation in the interpretive opinions of the seventh century interpreters. 4 - It appeared to the researcher that the largest percentage of formation in the explanatory opinions is in the interpretation of Al-Razi, so the rooting of Al-Qurtubi was the dominant over his opinions, and its type is often attributed to the original, and the composition is very little, and it is often his opinion in the science of jurisprudence, it can be said that the most prominent who used the root that is not attributed to the seventh century interpreters is al- Badawi, and it relied heavily on the exegetical views of al-Zamakhshari. 5 - The research revealed that the formation in the interpretive opinions clearly shows the ability of the interpreter, his knowledge and his high interpretive culture. 6 - The methods of interpretation need to root the rules of rooting and formation between the interpretive opinions as a method independent of its other methods, and ignorance of them is reflected negatively on the interpretation. 7 - The Qur’anic verses that were the subject of rooting and exegetical formation included various Islamic knowledge, and most of them are subject to disagreement among the exegetes. 9- The mention of explanatory opinions in the interpretation of the interpreters of the seventh century showed the scientific encyclopedia of Al-Razi, which can be said that it demonstrated the knowledge of one over the other in the field of interpretation, as appears in Al-Fakhr Al-Razi.

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