الحياة الاجتماعية في صقلية دراسة في كتب البلدانيين حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري / الرابع عشر الميلادي

الباحث

أحمد محمد حسن الغزالي

المشرف

أ.د. نوال تركي موسى الموسوي

الجامعة

جامعة الكوفة

الكلية / القسم

الآداب / التاريخ الإسلامي

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2022

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الحياة الاجتماعية;صقلية;كتب البلدانيين;الجغرافيون المسلمون

The island of Sicily is located to the south of Italy; it has a great strategic importance, so, since its inception, it was an arena for conflicts among the major powers in the Mediterranean, such as the Phoenicians, Greece and the Greeks, but these peoples did not leave a clear trace of witnessing to them, as did the Muslim Arabs when they entered it, as the period of their rule is considered one of the best eras in the history of the island of Sicily, and it became an example of ethnic and religious diversity among its inhabitants during the period that extended to 250 years, and the island became a gathering of Muslims from east to west and from north to south; Among them are the Arabs, the Berbers and the Persians, along with the Sicilians, the Greeks, the Lombards, and the Jews. The social impact was clear, as one who wore a long robe or a turban appeared, and the other wore leather, and most of the population retained their Christian religion and were in line with the teachings of the Islamic religion, they even took from the Muslims many social customs and traditions and on all social, economic and urban aspects, and after the fall of the island at the hands of the Normans, we noticed the survival of the Arab influence and we saw the extent of the effort that the Muslim Arabs made in order to advance the island. Its architecture, development and change for all their social manifestations. Through this thesis, the researcher concludes a number of important results that could be summarized as follows:- 1. The island's important location had a great motive in making the Mediterranean countries compete for it, in the past and in the medieval ages in particular. 2. The research showed the distinct geographical nature of the island of Sicily and the terrain it contains of mountains, rivers and valleys, making it an area that attracts many population gatherings because of the conditions that help in living. 3. The research found that the structure of the Sicilian society consists of different human groups, and this difference has resulted in political conflicts between them, as they crossed the religious and moral boundaries, since the arrival of the indigenous peoples who were stable on the island of Sicily, 4. The arrival of Muslim sovereignty to new locations, benefiting from its wealth and controlling large areas of the Mediterranean 5. The arrival of Muslim Arabs to this island led to an increase in the proportion of Arab tribes coming from North Africa, and that was because of the motive for jihad, which had a prominent role at that time. 6. The research found that the Sicilian society is made up of overlapping groups, and it is difficult to take a single measure. As a result, the society was divided into the categories of rulers and the rich. 7- Ahlul-Dhimah, as mentioned by the historian giographers, enjoyed the policy of religious tolerance under the Arab and Islamic rule, so you see them performing their usual religious rituals and celebrating their occasions and feasts without the rulers interfering in their affairs except in the rare cases in which there is a threat to security and stability. 8. As for the period of Norman rule, we find that there is a difference in dealing with Muslims who were under Norman rule, as they were persecuted and displaced, despite the presence of tolerance from some Norman kings, but this tolerance was linked to the political situation 9. The research revealed many customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Sicilian society. 10. The research made it clear that it is possible to make the dress a measure to determine the social class, as it became clear the distinction between the classes of society, from well-to-do statesmen and commoners. An example of this is the turban that was worn by jurists and men of government 11. The research reached the most important social aspects on the island, including the holidays, occasions, customs and traditions of Christians and Muslims, and they were different in terms of their practice. 12. The research showed that there are many entertainments that were practiced by the islanders, especially the men of the ruling authority, and their origins differed from various peoples. 13. The research showed the most important cultural and urban manifestations that existed in Sicily, especially during the period of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs to the island and the great impact these institutions had on the development of society at the cultural and scientific levels and the emergence and development of many sciences on the island, as well as the embrace of many Muslim and non-Muslim scholars by the Norman kings. 14-The emergence of the role of Arab art and style on many buildings and palaces on the island and the extent of the influence of the Arab artist on all building systems, where Arab decoration and inscriptions appeared and showed the extent of urban and engineering development on Arab construction 15. The research indicated the emergence of many service and educational institutions on the island, which shows the extent of the development of the standard of living, commercial and entertainment on the island.

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