التعاون السوفيتي - العراقي في مجال المياه (1954-1979م)

الباحث

نسيم محمد عبد الهادي نوري العبيدي

المشرف

ريان ذنون محمود العباسي

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

A

الكلمات المفتاحية

التعاون السوفيتي العراقي;المياه;الاتحاد السوفيتي;التاريخ الحديث

After the death of Joseph Stalin on 5 March 1953, the former Soviet Union adopted a new policy calling for openness with the third-world countries. Among the tools it relied on in implementing this strategy was cooperation with Arab countries in the field of water to help them exploit their water resources for irrigation and agriculture, building dams and constructing hydroelectric power plants, and providing humanitarian aid and financial assistance to countries that suffered from floods, such as Iraq, Libya, and Algeria. On this basis, the thesis titled: "Soviet-Iraqi Water Cooperation 1954-1979", shed light on the water factor as one of the main pillars on which relations between the Soviet Union and Iraq were based, and the subsequent developments that took place after the fall of the monarchy on 14 July 1958 and the establishment of the republican regime in its place. These developments were exemplified by the conclusion of technical and economic cooperation agreements between the two countries to establish water projects on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries and other projects that demonstrated the depth of relations between both countries. The nature of the study required it to be divided into four chapters, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion, with several appendices related to the topic, including the texts of water-related agreements, in addition to a list of the most important sources used in writing this thesis. The first chapter, titled: "The 1954 Tigris River Flood in Iraq and the Soviet Union's Attitude towards it", focused on the occurrence of this flood as one of the worst floods ever experienced by the city of Baghdad, that was almost drowned if not for the solidarity of the army, police and B residents in saving it. The chapter also addressed the Soviet Union's position on the flood, expressing its sympathy to the Iraqi government for what happened and its material and moral support for those affected by the flood. The second chapter, entitled: "Iraqi-Soviet Relations in the Field of Water (1958-1979)", explained the beginning of this cooperation and how it grew and developed after the establishment of the republican regime in Iraq in 1958, indicating the most important agreements and treaties concluded between the two countries regarding cooperation in exploiting the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates, and the efforts of the Soviet Union in establishing and financing water projects such as dams, reservoirs, canals, hydroelectric plants and other projects. The third chapter, titled: "Proposed and Implemented Projects by the Soviet Union in Iraq (1959-1979)", tackled the most important projects that were agreed to be established in Iraq by the Soviets, which were proposed and implemented together in the joint talks held in Baghdad and Moscow. These projects varied from the construction of dams on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries, to others that were rebuilt again, such as al-Hindiya Dam and the construction of vocational centers to train Iraqi cadres using Soviet expertise, and so on. The fourth and final chapter, titled: "The Role of the Soviet Union in Resolving Water Disputes between Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran (1971- 1975)", discussed the Soviet Union's efforts in resolving the problems that occurred between the countries of the Tigris and Euphrates basins, and its role in mediating between Iraq, Syria and Turkey over the Euphrates River due to the construction of the Turkish Keban and Syrian Tabqa dams built on the said river. The chapter also outlined the mediation efforts undertaken by the Soviet Union to resolve the dispute between Iraq and Iran over Shatt al-Arab. The importance of these two mediations is a testament to the depth of these relations between the two countries. The thesis drew several important conclusions, most notably that the Soviet Union sought to employ the water factor in the service of its political and economic objectives to gain access to the Arab region by making hints to provide financial and technical assistance to the Arab countries to encourage them to exploit their available water resources. The Soviet Union offered various materials, food, and logistical aid to Arab countries affected by the flood, such as Iraq, Libya, and Algeria, all of which were subjected to Western anti-communist colonization.

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رقم الهاتف

البريد الإلكتروني

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