دور الولاة والعمال في الحياة الاقتصادية في العصر الأموي (41-132هـ/661-749م)

الباحث

زينب غازي ياسين طه

المشرف

عبد الستار إسماعيل الطائي

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

A

الكلمات المفتاحية

الولاة والعمال;الحياة الاقتصادية;العصر الأموي;التاريخ الإسلامي

The Islamic East and its geographical, political and military importance received the attention and care of the Umayyad Caliphate from the economic point of view. Significant in the recovery of agricultural life, as the area of cultivated lands increased, and thus increased agricultural production, as well as the flourishing of internal and external trade in the Islamic East, and the increase in the revenues of the treasury, which the state benefited from in the development of various life facilities. In this study, descriptive historical approaches were used based on collecting historical material from its original sources, then analyzing and comparing texts while preserving the accuracy of texts and taking them from their original sources. The study aims to highlight the role that governors and workers played in economic life in the Islamic East during the Umayyad era in various agricultural, commercial, industrial and financial aspects. My thesis was divided into an introduction and three chapters... Preface: In it, I touched on the definition of the governor and the worker linguistically and idiomatically, the conditions for selecting governors and workers by the Umayyad caliphs, and the policy of the Umayyad caliphs in appointing governors over Islamic cities, and were they appointed according to certain conditions such as kinship and lineage from the Umayyad house, or were they chosen according to the factor of competence Military experience and leadership... The first chapter: I dealt with the role of governors and workers in the recovery of agricultural life, as the Islamic East witnessed in the Umayyad era a wide agricultural activity, which was the result of the efforts made by the governors to revive the land, reclaim it, cultivate it, take care of the affairs of farmers, provide security and protection for them, and establish irrigation projects that contributed Significantly in B increasing the area of cultivated lands and thus increasing agricultural production, and they worked on the development of livestock because of its role in the state’s economy as it is one of the sources of food for humans as well as the entry of many animal products into various industries, as well as the use of cows for the purposes of plowing the land and agriculture. The second chapter: In it, I dealt with the role of governors and workers in the prosperity of economic life through their establishment, organization and control of markets, where they worked to establish, organize and divide markets according to goods and professions after they were mobile and unorganized before the Umayyad era, so the governors and workers worked in the Umayyad era to organize them And monitoring it by special employees, who are accounted for in the markets, who learned to prevent fraud and fraud in it, so the Umayyad era was the first official appearance of the job of the accountant in the market, as well as the great role they played in developing crafts and industries, especially the ship industry, where the centers of shipbuilding turned into areas that attract population and hands. workers, in addition to their interest in other industries such as the ceramics industry and the arms industry. And the role they played in the Arabization of the Kharaj collections, due to the difference in the provisions of tribute, the Kharaj, the tithes of trade and the land in Iraq and Persia from that in the Levant and Egypt, where the caliph Abd al-Malik bin Marwan wanted from the process of Arabizing it to find a unified system in the Umayyad state, so he gave his orders to his rulers in the Islamic cities to Arabize Abscess collections. Chapter Three: In it, I touched on the role of governors and workers in the financial life in the Islamic East in the Umayyad era. During the reign of Caliph Abd al-Malik bin Marwan, the railway was Arabized, as he wrote to al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf al-Thaqafi to Arabize the railway, after the Arabs were trading in foreign currencies, which had a bad effect on the economy. Likewise, the currency represents the front of the state politically and religiously, and on the financial level also, governors and workers played a major role in collecting the resources of the treasury and taxes that contributed to increasing the revenues of the treasury, which the state used to benefit from in giving salaries to fighters and carrying out various projects.

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الاسم

رقم الهاتف

البريد الإلكتروني

الغرض من الطلب (اختياري)

إرسال الطلب