صورة الهند في كتب المسالك والممالك في القرنين (4-5هـ/10-11م)

الباحث

ساجدة عبدالله الياس صالح

المشرف

سفيان ياسين ابراهيم

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية / قسم التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الهند ; المسالك والممالك ; الجغرافيون المسلمون ; التاريخ الإسلامي

A Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of creation, Muhammad bin Abdullah, and his family and companions. The writings of the phenomenon of the tracts and kingdoms were considered from the early sources that determined the paths of the tracts in the Islamic world at the time, along with its most prominent regions and administrative parts, in a historical and geographical description that went outside the scope of the Islamic world and mentioned other texts that included non-Arab Islamic regions such as India and China, as it touched on India and singled out the province of Sindh with the hadith Referring to its most prominent events and news, as it carries an Indian historical and social dimension and a political and administrative dimension as an Abbasid province, the writings of the tracts and kingdoms varied in the study between its East and West to know its cultural and epistemological environment, common and similar texts, lengthening and abbreviation in describing the image of India within those sources, and hence the importance of a subject. (The image of India in the books of tracts and kingdoms in the two centuries (4,5 AH / 10,11 AD), and its study according to a historical and comparative descriptive approach. The study tried to know the differences, commonalities, and observations in talking about the image of India in the books of tracts and kingdoms within the period of the study. The aforementioned historical record of one of the eastern parts (India) within the tracts and kingdoms. The nature of the study necessitated that the research be in four chapters in addition to the introduction and the conclusion. The first chapter (the phenomenon of tracts and kingdoms) contained two sections. History about India in the tracts and kingdoms, including Greek influences, the content of the tracts and kingdoms compilations, the method and style, and then the observations. The second chapter was (the nature of geographical features and social and religious life), in two sections. food, drink, fashion, games and entertainment, as well as the nature of religious life in India. B As for the third chapter (the system of government and administrative divisions of the country of India), it included two topics. , port cities such as Debel, and major cities such as Mansoura, in addition to other cities. The fourth chapter talked about (economic, cultural and urban life), and it had two sections, the first topic presented the riches of India. To industry and the most important Indian industries, such as the manufacture of swords, which India is famous for, along with commercial funds in India. Through studying the topic (The Image of India in the Books of Tracts and Kingdoms in the Two Centuries (4,5 AH / 10,11 AD), I reached many results, perhaps the most prominent of which are: 1- The historical text in Tracts and Kingdoms contained ancient Greek, Persian, Arab and Islamic influences that merged with each other when talking about the image of the land, its regions and kingdoms, and this was reflected in the talk about India and in defining its image within a geographical-historical style and historical narratives that are relatively identical with the country sources that refer to India and other countries . 2- The books of the tracts and kingdoms included observations transmitted by other authors who traveled to India and resided there for a period of time, and their descriptive and concrete importance were mentioned in a number of books of the tracts and kingdoms, and they were referred to in their form when Al- Bakri in more than one place in the writing of the tracts and kingdoms. 3- The tracts and kingdoms illustrated a picture of India that included its geographical and astronomical location, its geographical nature, its natural wealth, and its economic activities in a brief manner in many of its aspects. 4- The paths leading to India and China identified the image of the commercial roads and paths linking the Abbasid Caliphate with India and from there to China and close to the ancient path of the Silk Road. It did not only refer to the internal paths between the regions of the Caliphate, but also included the external paths of the Caliphate towards India and China, and many texts were mentioned. In completing those roads inside India and down to China. 5- The Tracts and Kingdoms referred to the social and religious history of India and conveyed the great diversity that took place within that context, as well as the reference to the economic, political, administrative and urban history of India, as the information contained in the Tracts and Kingdoms was not limited to a limited aspect without others, despite the prominent interest in the economic aspect and then the social one. And religious, but we find interests in other aspects, albeit briefly. 6 - The sacred, commercial, and administrative, and political cities of the Sindh region appeared in the books of the tracts and kingdoms, and presented them within their geographical locations and historical descriptions, and what they were famous for, and their most prominent economic and living features. 7- India has been known to care about wisdom and a number of mental sciences and their coordination within the scientific and social interests in India and their impact on the scientific reality of India, as well as the most prominent manifestations of urbanization, its features and its style integrated with what is Indian, Turkish, Persian, Arab and Islamic, and showing urban manifestations with which all the aforementioned urban elements have merged . --- page 128 [OCR+] --- 1444 A.H 2023 A.D The image of India in the books of Almsalek walmamlek in the two centuries (4-5 A.H / 10-11 A.D ) A thesis submitted by the student Sajida Abdullah Elias Salih To the Council Of the College of Education for Humanities Sciences - University of Mosul As Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the master degree in Islamic history Supervised By Professor Dr. Sufyan Yassin Ibrahim [OCR of page] The image of India in the books of Almsalek walmamlek in the two centuries (4-5 A.H/ 10-11 A.D ) A thesis submitted by the student Sajida Abdullah Elias Salih To the Council Of the College of Education for Humanities Sciences - University of Mosul As Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the master degree in Islamic history Supervised By Professor Dr. Sufyan Yassin Ibrahim 2023 A.D 1444 A.H --- page 129 [OCR+] --- 1444 A.H 2023 A.D The image of India in the books of Almsalek walmamlek in the two centuries (4-5 A.H / 10-11 A.D ) Sajida Abdullah Elias Salih Master Thesis in History/ Islamic History Supervised By Professor Dr. Sufyan Yassin Ibrahim University of Mosul College of Education for Humanities Department of History [OCR of page] University of Mosul College of Education for ey Humanities SEES Department of History =~ The image of India in the books of Almsalek walmamlek in the two centuries (4-5 A.H / 10-11 A.D ) Sajida Abdullah Elias Salih Master Thesis in History/ Islamic History Supervised By Professor Dr. Sufyan Yassin Ibrahim 2023 A.D 1444 A.H

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