الهدايا المتبادلة بين ملوك آشور ومصر القديمة في ضوء النصوص المسمارية والتنقيبات الأثرية

الباحث

فاتن ماشاء الله حامد العجيلي

المشرف

زهير ضياء الدين سعيد الرفاعي

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الاثار / قسم الآثار

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الهدايا الملكية ; آشور ; مصر القديمة ; العلاقات الدبلوماسية

ن A Mesopotamia was distinguished by its distinguished geographical location, which made it a center for international relations, including the ancient Near East, which made the kings of the ancient Near East flock to it, which facilitated the political, diplomatic, military and commercial contacts that link it with the countries of the ancient world with ancient relations since the oldest ages, based on what has been revealed. About him from the archaeological excavations and what the cuneiform texts referred to. Although the ancient Near East region witnessed, throughout its long history, political events and conflicts between the influential powers, it was not devoid of eras in which peace prevailed among its peoples, during which its kings and rulers exchanged gifts, including the gifts exchanged between the kings of Assyria and ancient Egypt, which we chose as the subject of our research. And the study of this subject provides any researcher in ancient antiquities with important information about the political and cultural situation of the two countries, so the kings and rulers of Assyria and Egypt exchanged various kinds of gifts if it was intended, in general, to start building other relationships, including affinities (marriages), which contributed to the support of political relations between two sidesن. This study aims at the issue of exchanging gifts between the kings of Assyria and the kings of Egypt, not only because of its extreme importance, but also because it reveals to us important aspects of the positive interaction between them, that interaction that did not receive sufficient attention by researchers and archaeologists, especially orientalists among them. ن B ننIn studying and writing this research, we relied on a scientific approach based on studying and analyzing ancient texts, especially cuneiform ones, and the results of archaeological excavations of local and foreign missions, whether in the sites of Assyria or ancient Egypt, to show the real motive behind the exchange of those gifts, and the resulting results as much as possible..ن This study focused on the time period starting from the first relations between the two countries, which came at the end of the ancient Assyrian era and the beginning of the Middle Assyrian era until the modern Assyrian era and the fall of the Assyrian Empire and its capital Nineveh in the year (612 BC.( This study permeated some of the difficulties such as ambiguity and entanglement in the terminology of the gift and does it indicate gifts? Or tribute? Or a tax? Was the exchange of gifts limited to a specific period? Were gifts given annually? Or are they gifts to celebrate a specific historical event in which these gifts are presented, and were the gifts always official? Or multiple purposes. The study also focused on discussing diplomatic marriage gifts and the impact of this phenomenon on the country's internal politics. Is the continuity of good international relations affected by political marriage? or not? Does it have an impact on foreign policy? Did the role of gift exchange continue as an effective tool in foreign relations between the kings of Assyria and Egypt? Or is this role cut off? What are the reasons for continuing or interrupting؟ ن In addition, it is difficult to obtain information, which requires a thorough and comprehensive search for all time periods of the Assyrian and Egyptian eras, with an analysis of cuneiform and hieroglyphic texts. The research relied on many foreign sources, including those related to royal writings, the most important of which is the researcher‟s writings (Chrisson), which is known as the Assyrian Royal Annals and all its parts, and came in abbreviation (RIMA-RINAP), and the researcher‟s writings (Lukembel), known as (ARABB), as well as other important sources, including the tagged book In (The Amarna Lettrs) by the researcher (Moran) as well as the Egyptian royal annals, including (The Ancient Recordes of Egypt) by the author (James Henry), in addition to the Egyptian dictionaries such as (Urk) and (KRI) as well as other important Arabic sources. With regard to archaeological explorations and excavations, we relied on foreign and Arab sources, most notably the reports of the Iraqi and Egyptian excavations published in many books, periodicals and magazines under the names of a number of researchers and specialists. --- page 285 [OCR+] --- ن Gifts exchanged between the kings of Assyria and ancient Egypt in the light of cuneiform texts and archaeological excavations Thesis submitted By Faten, Mashallah, Hamed Al-Ajili To the council of the College of Archaeology - University of Mosul in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Archaeology Ancient Supervised By Professor Dr. Zuhair Diaa Al-Din Saeed Al-Rifai 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D [OCR of page] Gifts exchanged between the kings of Assyria and ancient Egypt in the light of cuneiform texts and archaeological excavations Thesis submitted By Faten, Mashallah, Hamed AI-Ajili To the council of the College of Archaeology - University of Mosul in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Archaeology Ancient Supervised By Professor Dr. Zuhair Diaa Al-Din Saeed AlI-Rifai 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D --- page 286 [OCR+] --- ن Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Mosul College of Archaeology Gifts exchanged between the kings of Assyria and ancient Egypt in the light of cuneiform texts and archaeological excavations Thesis submitted By Faten, Mashallah, Hamed Al-Ajili To the council of the College of Archaeology - University of Mosul in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Archaeology Ancient Supervised By Professor Dr. Zuhair Diaa Al-Din Saeed Al-Rifai 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D [OCR of page] Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research | . University of Mosul 0 | SDs College of Archaeology Gifts exchanged between the kings of Assyria and ancient Egypt in the light of cuneiform texts and archaeological excavations Thesis submitted By Faten, Mashallah, Hamed AI-Ajili To the council of the College of Archaeology - University of Mosul in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Archaeology Ancient Supervised By Professor Dr. Zuhair Diaa Al-Din Saeed AI-Rifai 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D

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