دور بني أمية في الحياة العامة للعرب قبل الإسلام حتى فتح مكة

الباحث

زينب سامي حسين الدليمي

المشرف

فتحي سالم حميدي اللهيبي

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية التربية الاساسية / قسم التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

بنو أمية ; العرب قبل الإسلام ; فتح مكة ; التاريخ الإسلامي

KKKKKKKKK There is no doubt that the Umayyad family was considered one of the families of Quraysh and one of the largest families in Mecca, which played a major role in Arab history before Islam and Islamic history afterward, through the participation of its members in various political, religious and economic activities, including commercial, agricultural and industrial activities, which is what gained them Great influence in all these activities before and after Islam in Mecca, which goes back to a large part of them due to their deepest lineage, which goes back to Umayyah bin Abd Shams bin Abd Manaf bin Qusay bin Kilab all the way to Adnan. Accordingly, they were known for their high lineage and their great position in Quraysh, especially their grandfather Umayyah the Great and his son Harb, who were some of the greatest lords of Quraysh before Islam. They were also distinguished by being among the most famous merchants and the most wealthy and dependent. From these combined qualities, the Banu Umayyah gained sovereignty and prestige inside and outside Quraysh. Before Islam, with all their types, whether the Ayyas or the Ayanblts, among whom Abu Sufyan (Sakhr bin Harb) excelled. Likewise, the “Al-Ablat” group of Umayyad’s descendants, Al-Asghar ibn Abd Shams, remains, but Umayyah’s eldest descendants, the Al-Ayyas and Al-Anabisah, remain the ones who had influence, leadership, and political, social, and economic leadership in the souls and clans of the Quraysh tribes, due to their great status that they acquired from their great-grandfather, Umayyah, to whom they were affiliated. This gave them an added status to the commercial status in which they excelled and represented the backbone of the economic life of the Quraish. The subject of the study began from knowing the social historical roots of the Umayyads from the time of their grandfathers, Abd Manaf, Abd Shams, and Umayyad the Great, through Harb and his son Abu Sufyan, and stopped until the Muslims, led by the Prophet Muhammad, “may God bless him and grant him peace,” conquered Mecca in the year 8 AH. The Umayyad dynasty, especially the Anabsa and Al-Ayyas branches, was considered one of the most prominent and influential in the history of the Arabs before and after Islam, and had the greatest social, political, economic, and military status among the rest of the Quraysh clans, due to their great status that they acquired from their grandfather Umayyad the Great, to whom they were affiliated, and whose lineage goes back to their grandfather Abd Shams bin Abd Manaf bin Qusayy bin Kilab. LLLLLLLLL The aspect of the conflict between the Bani Umayyads and the Bani Hashim revealed the nature of the societal conflicts that took place in the Quraysh before Islam for the sake of altruism over the aspects of leadership in Mecca, and how they varied from close, sincere and strong relationships to relationships marred by envy and competition on the part of the Bani Umayyads against the Hashemites all the way up to To their hostile position on the emergence of Islam and on the person of the Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, who was embodied in the person of Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind bint Utbah until the conquest of Mecca. The heads of the tribes outside of Mecca preferred to establish good relations with the Quraysh and participate with the Umayyads in the Quraysh trade for which they were responsible, especially since this commercial cooperation generated more profits as a result of the political stability in the Quraysh due to their cooperation with the Umayyads. Therefore, they established their relations with the Quraysh and as a result of that. The nature of the relations of the Umayyads with the Arab tribes outside Mecca varied according to the nature of the alliances that linked them with those tribes. The Umayyads gave an important position to the professions of trade, agriculture, and some industries in Mecca, which had a distinguished position in the economic and social life of the Quraysh, as they were no less influential than the role they played in the commerce of the Quraysh. Some of them had professions in fabric making, knitting, tailoring, and special spinning and weaving. With (beading), the craft of tanning leather (blood) and the craft of making wine, in addition to their interest in the craft of goldsmithing, carpentry, and construction, and the greatest interest that the industry received among the Umayyads remains those industries that were associated with blacksmithing, especially related to the manufacture of weapons such as swords, shields, bridles, hooks, and hilts. During the reign of their leader (Harb bin Umayyah) and his so (Abu Sufyan) (Sakhr bin Harb), the Umayyads gained political, religious, social, economic and military activity to a very large extent in Quraysh, both before and after Islam, especially during the reign of Abu Sufyan following the killing of many of the senior lords of Quraysh during the Battle of Badr.

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البريد الإلكتروني

الغرض من الطلب (اختياري)

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