الكوارث الطبيعية والأزمات الاقتصادية في بلاد الشام في العصر العباسي (132-656هـ/749-1258م)

الباحث

أمجد إسماعيل محمد سعدون الجلبي

المشرف

مهند نافع خطاب المختار

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

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لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الكوارث الطبيعية ; الأزمات الاقتصادية ; بلاد الشام ; العصر العباسي

A In the Abbasid era, the Levant witnessed the occurrence of various types of disasters with their natural factors, which are represented by the interruption of rain, famine, drought, drought, torrents and floods, heavy rain, snow, hail, frost, winds and hurricanes, and attacks of agricultural pests such as swarms of locusts, mice, rats, cats and birds, and epidemics and diseases that affect humans. And animals, especially the plague epidemic, which represented a great challenge to humans at the time, in addition to the earthly disasters represented by violent tremors and strong earthquakes. It had great impacts on humans, animals, the country’s geography, the state’s economy, and the social and demographic changes it caused, and the destruction and sabotage of much of the infrastructure and urban facilities, and the resulting obliteration and extinction of many human and civilized achievements in the Levant throughout the ages in the field of heritage and civilization. Intellectual, material and popular heritage . The Levant also witnessed many disasters and economic crises with their human factors, which mean those forces and influences that man produces by his action and work and works to cause disasters and economic crises and exacerbate them, and the human factors are diverse and intertwined with each other, and this diversity can consist of what is Political, economic and social, and during the time period subject of the study, the Levant went through a series of developments and political changes, perhaps the most important of which is its exit from the authority of the Abbasid caliphate and the emergence of the phenomenon of independent states represented by the Tulunid states and the Ikhshidids, and then the establishment of the Fatimid state, and after that the emergence of the Seljuk states, the Zengids and the Ayyubids, all of which It tried to expel the Levant and its independence from the Abbasid caliphate, and these forces entered into a long and violent struggle among themselves in order to keep the Levant under its authority, and the Levant also witnessed a long and violent struggle because of the external forces to control it, represented by the Byzantine state and the Crusader invasion, And the occurrence of fierce and destructive wars and battles that violated all areas of public life, and were sometimes of intensity, cruelty, and the impact that resulted in the occurrence of Stifling B economic crises, and it is difficult for the state to solve them and find solutions to them easily, and these crises may be artificial and easy, and they can quickly disappear by the removal of the influence factor as a result of the state’s intervention and work to end them, and they may be of a common nature and arise as a result of the combination of human and natural factors, and then they are Disasters and crises are more severe and more complex, with which it is difficult for the state to confront them and to find solutions and treat them. Based on the foregoing, it can be said that disasters, with their natural factors and human factors, were among the direct causes of economic crises in the Levant at times when the disaster worsens and matters become more complicated and it becomes difficult for the state to confront it quickly and find solutions to it, and then it results in serious consequences. It has a significant impact on the country's economy and public finances .

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الاسم

رقم الهاتف

البريد الإلكتروني

الغرض من الطلب (اختياري)

إرسال الطلب