الصراعات والتمردات في الدولة الأيوبية (569-658هـ/1173-1260م)
The Conflicts and Insurgencies in the Ayyubid State (569-658 A.H./1173-1260 A.D.)
- الباحث
- أرشد سالم شيت حسين
- المشرف
- سلطان جبر سلطان
- الجامعة
- جامعة الموصل
- الكلية / القسم
- كلية الآداب / التاريخ
- الشهادة
- دكتوراه
- السنة
- 2024
- لغة الرسالة
- عربي
- الكلمات المفتاحية
- الدولة الأيوبية ; الصراعات والتمردات ; التاريخ الإسلامي ; العصر الأيوبي
Abstract
A The study of the Ayyubid state is regarded as an important part of historical studies. Westerner historians have given this matter a great place in studying the biography of Saladin AL- Ayyubi, uncovering a great deal of information about the Islamic resistance towards the Crusader invasion. The importance of this study lies in presenting the rebellions and the loyalties of this era, showing the negative impact that these rebellions had on the loss of Muslims' lands in addition to the delay in liberating them, shedding light on the rebellions of the princes and their appeasement, explaining the danger of these conspiracies, and the measures taken by Saladin Al-Ayyubi and his successors in light of these rebellions to deal with them, and finally what changed these rebellions into Loyalties, Saladin had kept many of those princes in their positions in exchange for their support in times of wars against the Crusaders, They had to send armies, and cut ties with the Crusaders otherwise Saladin would have to deal with them. They had to left behind the internal disputes that were in favoure of the enemy. The reason for choosing this / era from (567-658AH/1173-1260AD) is known it was the beginning of the rule of Saladin AL - Ayyubi, and the Ayyubid state continued after him despite its fall in Egypt (648AH/1250AD) after the final death of Al- Salih Najm Al-din AL-Ayyubi. However, it continued in the Levant and ended in (658AH/1260AD) at the hands of the Mongols. The Mamluks took control of Egypt who more than bought AL- Saleh Najm Al-Din Ayyub before his death. The study was divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the establishment of the Ayybid state in (569-589 AH 1173-1193 AD). This chapter is divided into three Sections. The first section deals with the appearance of Saladin on the Scene of events. The second section showed the role of Saladin AL- Ayyubi in unifying the B Islamic front. And the third section included Saladin's efforts against the Crusaders that led to the liberation of Jerusalem which is the ultimate goal. While the second chapter deals with the Ayyubid state after Saladin Al-Ayyubi, The second chapter is divided into four sections. The first deals with the split of rule over the states by his sons. The second section deals with the attitude of the Ayyubid dynasty towards the partitioning measures by Saladin. In the third section, the study included the attitudes of the princes and military leaders over the struggle for power in the Ayyubid state. The fourth section included the attitude of scholars over the struggle for power. The third chapter deals with the attitudes of the Islamic powers and neighboring states over the Ayyubid conflict. This chapter is divided into two sections, The first deals with the Islamic powers and neighboring states and in the second section the study deals with the Crusader influence from (569-658 AH/1173-1260AD) as this was the period when the Crusaders took advantage of the internal conflicts that happened from time to time. The results and the conclusions reached by the researcher found that the Ayyubid state was established on the ruins of the Zengid state, and the it did not hold hostility towards it. It rather wanted to to from a greater state especially after the dispersal of the princes and their struggle for power. Saladin had a positive role in restoring the order of the Abbasid Caliphate in the Levant and Egypt. Stadin Al-Ayyubi's military policy towards the Crusaders was characterized at some stages by refraining from using force. The struggle between leaders and princes for power increased after his death. The Crusaders, rebellion leaders, the princes and esoteric movements worked together in order to strike the unity of the nation and its land so as to weaken its resistence to the Crusader invasion. Some princes had a major role in removing some of the Bani Ayyub kings from power, as happened to AL-Adil Bin Al-Malik AL-Kamil when they arrested him and summoned his brother Al-Salih Najim Al-Din Ayyub. The study showed the great role of scholars in the Ayyubid era, whether by the jihadist role or by mediating the conflicts that occurred between members of the Ayyubid household. This study revealed that Egypt and the Levant each had a strategic importance that could not be separated. Moreover, the reason for the rebellions between leaders and the princes is the frequent reliance on Mamuks by Ayyubid kings to strengthen the Ayyubid army. This was evident as The Al-Salih Najim Al-Din Ayyub bought a thousand Mamluks at once.
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