النشاط السياسي للاتحاد العام التونسي للشغل 1956-1987م

الباحث

معتز إبراهيم أحمد سلامة

المشرف

سعد توفيق عزيز المشهداني

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الاتحاد العام التونسي للشغل ; تونس ; النشاط السياسي ; الحركة النقابية

A Tunisia entered the French protectorate regime on May 12, 1881, and after World War I, Tunisia witnessed difficult economic and social conditions that greatly affected the livelihood of the working class, which had no purchasing power and was unable to meet its minimum needs, in addition to being exposed to a policy of racial discrimination and inequality in wages between them and the Europeans, so they were in dire need of a national union that would defend them and protect their interests, so Muhammad Ali Al-Hami established the first Pan-Tunisian Currency University in 1924 AD, to end a year after its foundation, then the second Pan-Tunisian Currency University appeared in 1936 AD, to end after 1938, After the end of World War II (1939-1945 AD), the French authorities allowed Tunisians to form national unions independent of the French unions to absorb the popular resentment against them. Founding on January 20, 1946 CE, and Farhat Hashad was elected as its Secretary-General. The Tunisian General Labor Union is one of the pioneering and rooted trade union organizations in North Africa in general and Tunisia in particular because it occupied an important position and a prominent role in political, economic, social and cultural activity in Tunisia during the French protectorate. Where the political activity of the Union began since its inception when it demanded the independence of Tunisia and the abolition of the protectorate system, and in 1952 AD, the Union took the lead in the battle of national liberation after the leader of the new Destourian Party, Habib Bourguiba, was imprisoned, so he mobilized all his human and material energies to resist the French, and the Union also supported the autonomy agreement In June 1955 AD, between Tunisia and France, which he considered an important step towards full independence, and with Tunisia B achieving full independence on March 20, 1956 AD, The Union participated in building the Tunisian national state. This was embodied in its participation in the elections of the National Constituent Assembly alongside the new constitutional party, so the Secretary-General of the Union, Ahmed Ben Saleh, became the first vice- president of the National Constituent Assembly and head of the Preparatory and Coordination Committee that was entrusted with preparing the new constitution for the country, and when Habib Bourguiba abolished the regime The monarchy declared the republican system through the Union expressed its pleasure and renewed its confidence in the Prime Minister and provided his support for his new government, and the Secretary-General of the Union, Ahmed Al-Talili, participated in the battle for the evacuation of the French forces from Tunisian lands, which were finally evacuated on October 10, 1963 AD, and Tunisia witnessed the beginning of the sixties of the twentieth century. An economic policy based on development plans, which lasted until 1969 AD. During that experience, the leadership of the Tunisian General Labor Union defended the interests of the workers and the independence of the union from the domination of the ruling party, so the latter deliberately excluded the leadership of the union and installed a leadership loyal to it in 1965 AD, to implement its orders and decisions, so the union became under the domination of the ruling party. In 1970 AD, the government of Al-Hadi Nouira pursued a liberal policy open to foreign capital, and to ensure the success of that experiment, his government called on the social parties, foremost among them the Tunisian General Labor Union, the Tunisian Federation of Industry and Trade, and the Tunisian Union of Agriculture. After negotiations, a social pact was concluded between them on January 19, 1977 AD, but soon What was abandoned by the leadership of the union under pressure from the trade union structures that rejected that charter after it touched their interests. This position was considered the beginning of the conflict between the leadership of the union on the one hand and the government and the ruling party on the other hand, which continued until it reached its climax in 1978 AD with the announcement of the general strike by the Tunisian General Labor Union and the occurrence of The events of Black Thursday on January 26, 1978 A.D. Against the backdrop of these events, the Union came under the domination of the ruling party. The leadership of the Tunisian General Labor Union had positions on internal issues in Tunisia, especially the armed events of Gafsa on January 27, 1980 AD, while it had a position on the bread uprising in 1983-1984 AD, as well as its position on the change of November 7 / 1987 AD, and finally The Union had internal and external relations during that historical era. In view of the importance of the Tunisian General Labor Union due to its various activities and different roles and positions on internal issues in Tunisia and internal and external relations since its founding in 1946 AD during the era of the French protectorate until the end of the rule of President Habib Bourguiba in 1987 AD, so I decided to choose a topic entitled (The political activity of the Tunisian General Union for employment from 1956-1987 AD). Which is considered a new and worthy topic that deserves to be written about, in addition to being an extension of a previous study entitled (The Labor Movement in Tunisia 1946-1956: Its Emergence and Its Political, Economic and Social Role).

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