اللصوص واللصوصية في بغداد في العصر العباسي (150-590هـ/767-1193م)

الباحث

نور الدين محمد فاضل جاسم

المشرف

رائد محمد حامد حسن

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

اللصوص ; بغداد ; العصر العباسي ; التاريخ الاجتماعي

A Thieves and thievery in Baghdad in the Abbasid Age (150-590 AH ) ( 767-1193 AD) The phenomenon of banditry has spread in human societies since ancient times, and there is no society free of this phenomenon, no matter what powerful it is. However, it becomes active and strengthens in the event of the weakness and collapse of the state, and decreases and weakens during the period of the state’s greatness and strength, and through our study of the phenomenon of banditry in Baghdad in the Abbasid Age (132- 590 AH) (749-1193 AD) It become clear that the phenomenon of banditry did not appear suddenly in the Abbasi era, but rather had been present since the pre-Islamic Age. The subject of bandits and banditry in Baghdad in the Abbasid era is one of the important subjects that must be studied accurately , carefully and concentration on more, this is due to the great effects and damage caused by this phenomenon in various political and economic aspects, from a political side, this phenomenon helped spread upset , unrest and loss of security, the migration of people, and the spread of killing, vandalism, and arson in society. As to economic side, it has a bad impact on paralyzing ( the growth and development of economic life ) as a result of their action of looting and spoliation in markets and shops, in addition to the acts of arson that this city was subjected to by bandits. These actions led to significant damage to the interests of the state and the public. The thesis included a preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and appendices. In the preface, which was entitled “The historical extension of the phenomenon of banditry since the pre-Islamic Age until the end of the Umawi Age to explain the roots of this historical phenomenon that dates back to the pre-Islamic Age. As for the first chapter, which is titled (Bandits of Baghdad city, their types, and their helpers in the Abbasid , Age), it includes four sections that address in the first section: the concept of bandits and banditry linguistically and terminologically, in addition to some of the names that the public used to fluent to bandits. The second section was devoted to: a historical overview of Baghdad city, B The third section: to the types of bandits, explaining the classification of each one of them linguistically and terminologically, and we get to their legality in the Qur’an and Sunnah, in addition to the legal ruling thereof. The fourth section: The last of this chapter, in which I discussed the bandits helpers through the ways and methods that they provide to help the bandits. While the second chapter was titled “Circumstances and factors for the spread of banditry phenomenon in Baghdad in Abbasid Age,” through which we tried to put the phenomenon in its historical scope by cognizant of the real circumstances that were result the spread of this phenomenon. This chapter also included four sections, the first section devoted to: To study political factors and circumstances The security that Baghdad experienced during the research period, and the second section dealt with: the economic factors that helped in the spread of bandits, natural disasters such as floods, torrents, winds, earthquakes, and the spread of deadly diseases and epidemics, in addition to the phenomenon of banditry practiced by the authority and the spread of this phenomenon among the various elements of authority, including caliphs to ministers and workers. And others by taking bribes and selling positions, as well as imposing unfair taxes and confiscations, which negatively affected people’s lives and led to the spread of poverty and destitution, which is one of the most important factors that helped spread the phenomenon of banditry. The third section was devoted to studying the social factor, which included class differences between, Al-Baghdadi society also discussed in the same section the social conflicts and sedition that occurred among the public, which were often accompanied by looting and spoliation of markets, shops, and homes. As for the fourth and final section of this chapter, it included natural topographic relief , such as mountains, level lands , plain, deserts , valleys, and others, which were areas difficult for the state and to which thieves often resorted. To carry out their aggressive actions, such as looting and spoliation , money and properties. While the third chapter: Included three sections that dealt with in the first section some of the personalities of the famous bandits, such as Ibn Hamdi Al-Burjami, Ibn Imran, Aswad al-Zabad, and other prominent bandits in Baghdad. As for the second section, we touched upon the effects of banditry on the political, economic, and social life that befell people because of this phenomenon. This section also dealt with the morals of some bandits, as well as the types of thefts from household funds, markets, and public funds. The third section, in which we discussed the measures taken by the authorities to combat bandits and reducing the effect of the phenomenon of banditry, as well as the measures taken by the public authorities to confront the encroachment of thieves and fight them. As for the conclusion: Included a set of results that we reached during the research, and we have provided the research with a set of appendices.

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