هيئة الإذاعة البريطانية ودورها في الحرب العالمية الثانية في أوروبا

الباحث

أسماء حامد فرحان الجميلي

المشرف

إياد علي الهاشمي

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

دكتوراه

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

هيئة الإذاعة البريطانية ; الحرب العالمية الثانية ; أوروبا ; الإعلام

The British Broadcasting Corporation and its role in World War II in Europe The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a governmental media body based in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1922 and previously its name was the British Broadcasting Company. It was founded by a group of private companies in 1923, and its first general manager was John Reith; and later the company was transformed into a government body under direct government control in 1927 by a Royal Charter and had a monopoly on broadcasting in Britain. As for its role in World War II, it was not restricted to media and entertainment only; but it was allocated of enormous capabilities and made tremendous efforts in broadcasting to many countries. So, it broadcasted to enemy countries, occupied and neutral countries, and other countries around the world in different languages. And it was able to collect news from different sources around the world, and it was able to gain the trust of listeners around the world through the credibility of its news. So, it broadcasted the bad news, the news of the military defeats of the Allies with full transparency; so that the listeners began to believe its news when broadcast the good news. Thus, BBC became the main source of news around the world and many international radio stations and newspapers relied on it. It also devoted a large part of its efforts to monitoring the enemy's broadcasts and was able to penetrate the enemy's propaganda machine and broadcast counter-propaganda programs by monitoring and analyzing the enemy's news and statements. It also contributed to disrupting communications among German pilots. In addition, BBC played an important role on the home front in raising the morale of the population and broadcasting instructions to them to maintain their safety as it allowed people to escape from the harsh reality of war at a time when other means of entertainment were prohibited and the radio played a major role in achieving communication between soldiers and their families, and between children and parents who were separated by the circumstances of the war. Also, BBC was considered as a means of communication between peoples and their governments in exile such as Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Greece, and France. Through the radio, these governments contacted their peoples and called them to the resistance. It also had a major role in participating in secret military operations so it contacted the resistance movements and provided them with the instructions and activities that they carry out through encrypted messages and called under their direction to carry out campaigns of industrial and military sabotage, incitement and labor unrest, propaganda, terrorist acts against traitors and German leaders, boycotts, riots, etc. It also had a major role in providing the owners of underground newspapers with materials and information for publication. As a result of the occupation authorities' ban on listening to BBC broadcasts. BBC was not satisfied with that only it but analyzed and studied the psychology of every individual, their whims and tendencies, and broadcast programs that attract their hearts and minds. It also called for campaigns against the enemy and in times of raids and war battles. It also became the main means of communication with the resistance and it also waged psychological warfare against the enemy by selecting programs. It also strengthened ties with Britain's allies sought to encourage the United States of America to enter the war against fascism and conveyed the circumstances of the war to the countries of the world through distinguished programs and direct reports on the battle fronts as a booster and morale booster. It is the issue of good against evil and on the basis of that. It called on the world to participate in waging a just war so it was truly a global broadcaster and an important part of the state's war effort. In view of its role in the war, its headquarters was one of the main targets of the Germans so the radio building was bombed twice in 1940, and the Germans prevented listening to foreign radio and imposed various penalties that sometimes amounted to execution and they also jammed it. The radio followed the line of the government and did not deviate from it and gave priority to its interests and the interest of its allies in the first place, so that it did not give sufficient freedom to the governments in exile to express their views and their broadcasts were subject to monitoring so as not to contradict the point of view of the British government and this is what was shown to us in its abandonment of the Poles in their ordeal It did not denounce or denounce the rights of the Polish state that the Soviet Union overstepped. This indicates that its propaganda does not correspond to the truth just as its stance towards the extermination of the Jews of Europe at the hands of the Nazis was characterized by negligence, indifference, and concealment of atrocities and mass killings. Dean to stand with this group and support them. Therefore, it can be said that it was not independent or envious, and that it was the official voice of the British government and the expression of its policy.

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