تقييم دور جسيمات الفضة النانوية المصنعة بواسطة مستخلص قشور الرمان ضد عفن الرشاشيات والتأثيرات المرضية لسموم الأفلا B1 في فروج اللحم

الباحث

جاسم يونس جاسم العبيدي

المشرف

شهباء خليل إبراهيم

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الطب البيطري / أمراض الدواجن

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2022

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

جسيمات الفضة النانوية ; قشور الرمان ; سموم الأفلا ; فروج اللحم

جامعة | (a) fe oh كليسة الطب البيطري SY |B تقييم دور جسيمات الفضة النانوية المصنعة بواسطة مستخلص قشور الرمان ضد عفن الرشاشيات والتأثيرات المرضية لسموم الافلا 8 في فروج اللحم جاسم يونس جاسم العبيدي رسالة ماجستير الطب البيطري/ أمراض الدواجن بإشراف أ. م. د. شهباء خليل إبراهيم 4ه 2 م

~ A ~ The green synthesis is one of the most important vital methods for the manufacture of nanosilver, which has been used in many fields, including the poultry industry, so this study aimed to manufacture nanosilver mediated by pomegranate peel extract(PPE) and evaluated it in vivo in addition PPE as anti-fungal growth and in the field for (the use of silver nanoparticles and the pomegrate extract) as adsorbents for aflatoxin, the study included three axes, as follows: The first axis: silver nanoparticles synthesis by using silver nitrate with the aqueous extract of pomegranate peels. The silver nanoparticles were distinguished by changing the color from orange to the dark brown, and the absorption spectrum was 432 nm. Effective reduction groups appeared to reduce silver ions Ag+ to Ag0, these groups were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, -29mV is the zeta potential of silver nanoparticles and used Scanning electron microscopy to determine the size of nanoparticles and the rate was 50 nanometers. The second axis: included two parts, the first was to purify the Aspergillus flavus strain and study the characteristics of the colony on the saproud dextrose agar, which was characterized by its velvety texture and green color surrounded by white line, with septate hyphae and roughness conidiophore and the spores appear as green-yellowish crystals . The fungal strain had the ability to produce aflatoxins on rice medium, which was estimated at (0.248) parts per million. As for the second part of this axis, it included the evaluation (in vitro) of silver nanoparticles and the extract as an anti-fungal, so the culture media were divided into five groups, the first of which was left untreated, as for the second and third groups, silver nanoparticles were added to the saprod agar at two concentrations of 150 and 300 ppm, the ~ B ~ extract were added at 2% and 6% in the fourth and fifth groups, and the concentration was 150 ppm and 2% were the best additives as anti- fungals. The third axis: Evaluation as (field) of silver nanoparticles and the extract as adsorption materials to remove aflatoxin from the diet. Day- old broiler chicks were divided into five groups, the first of which was left untreated and considered as a control group. As for the second group, 2% extract was added to the ration of the chicks, and the third group was added aflatoxin at a concentration of 70 parts per million to the ration, and the extract was added to the ration of the contaminated chicks with aflatoxin, and this was considered the fourth group, while the fifth group was added silver nanoparticles to the contaminated ration with aflatoxins, after the end of the experiment 21 days, a significant decrease (P≥0.05) was observed in the weight of the chicks of the third group for three weeks compared with the first group, with a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the weight of the chicks of the fourth and fifth groups, there was improvement weight gain in chicks of the first group for for all experimental weeks, the rate of feed consumption was significantly decline in the second, third and fourth groups than the control group, with a significant improvement in the fifth group at the second and third weeks (1.21 and 3.23) g/week, respectively, compared with the third group (0.80 and 1.33) g/week for the second and third weeks, and the significant decrease in the liver index was recorded only in the chicks of the second and third group (2.12 and 2.28) g, respectively, compared with the control group of 2.95 g. The activity rate of the two transferring amino acids enzymes , alanine and aspartite, and the activity rate of creatinine, were significantly elevated in the third group compared with the fourth and fifth group, as a ~ ~ significant improvement was recorded in these two groups, and a significant elevated in immunoglobuline in the fifth group, compared with the third group, and the rate of triglycerides was significantly higher in the third group compared with all groups. These changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by the presence of histopathological alteration in the liver, kidney, Bursa of fabricious and thymus glands of the chicks of the third group, which included vascular alteration, cellular adaptation and necrosis with depletion of lymphocytes and atrophy of the follicles in the lymphoid organs with thickening of the trabeculae . The results of the statistical analysis of histopathological alteration in the liver using I See Inside(ISI) method revealed a significant decline in the group treated with nanosilver and less severe alteration in the others organs compared with the third group. It was concluded from this study to the importance of synthesis nanosilver based on eco- friendly materials such as plant extracts and their importance, as well as the role of nanosilver as an anti-fungal in the laboratory and their role in the field to remove the toxins of aflatoxin contaminated with diets for detaification of contaminated proveder with Aflatoxin as they are adsorption materials

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